The microstate San Marino, located in a mountainous region close to Italy’s Adriatic coast and with a population of some 35,000, only slowly responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the International Organisation for Migration’s COVID-19 Travel Restriction Monitoring, San Marino did not implement travel restrictions until late 2020 and early 2021. As of 19 […]
Situation particulière des migrants irréguliers à San Marino (from report of the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture 2013 visit to San Marino)
C. Situation particulière des migrants irréguliers; (Read full CPT report) 37. Pour la première fois lors d’une visite du CPT, la délégation a abordé la question dutraitement des migrants. Pour ce faire, elle a consulté des dossiers des forces de l’ordre –Gendarmerie et Police civile – concernant la prise en charge de groupes de migrants […]
Last updated:
DETENTION STATISTICS
Migration Detainee Entries
Not Available
2019
DETENTION CAPACITY
ALTERNATIVES TO DETENTION
ADDITIONAL ENFORCEMENT DATA
PRISON DATA
POPULATION DATA
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA & POLLS
LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Does the Country Have Specific Laws that Provide for Migration-Related Detention?
GROUNDS FOR DETENTION
Immigration-Status-Related Grounds
LENGTH OF DETENTION
PROCEDURAL STANDARDS & SAFEGUARDS
COSTS & OUTSOURCING
COVID-19 DATA
TRANSPARENCY
MONITORING
NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS MONITORING BODIES
NATIONAL PREVENTIVE MECHANISMS (OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO UN CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE)
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (NGOS)
GOVERNMENTAL MONITORING BODIES
INTERNATIONAL TREATIES & TREATY BODIES
International Treaties Ratified
Ratification Year
Observation Date
OP ICESCR, Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
2015
2018
CTOCSP, Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
2010
2017
CTOCTP, Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children
2010
2017
CAT, Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
2006
2017
Ratio of relevant international treaties ratified
Ratio: 11/19
Individual Complaints Procedures
Acceptance Year
CEDAW, Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, 19992005
2005
ICCPR, First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 19661985
1985
ICESCR, Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 20082015
2015
Relevant Recommendations or Observations Issued by Treaty Bodies
Treaty Body
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
Recommendation Year
2024
Recommendation Excerpt
Situation of non-nationals, including migrants, refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless persons
(a)...The absence of legal provisions guaranteeing strict compliance with the principle of non-refoulement and respect for the rights of refugees and asylum-seekers, including their rights to seek asylum, to be assessed on an individual basis without discrimination, and to have access to information on asylum procedures and legal aid;
d) Ensure strict compliance with the principle of non-refoulement and guarantee in law and in practice that all persons on its territory can apply for international protection and humanitarian permits without discrimination, are referred to asylum authorities and refugee status determination procedures, are individually assessed, and have access to information and legal aid;
(a)...The absence of legal provisions guaranteeing strict compliance with the principle of non-refoulement and respect for the rights of refugees and asylum-seekers, including their rights to seek asylum, to be assessed on an individual basis without discrimination, and to have access to information on asylum procedures and legal aid;
d) Ensure strict compliance with the principle of non-refoulement and guarantee in law and in practice that all persons on its territory can apply for international protection and humanitarian permits without discrimination, are referred to asylum authorities and refugee status determination procedures, are individually assessed, and have access to information and legal aid;
Sources
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, "Concluding observations on the initial report of San Marino *", 24 May 2024, United Nations General Assembly, (Paragraph 20 and 22), https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CERD%2FC%2FSMR%2FCO%2F1&Lang=en
> UN Special Procedures
> UN Universal Periodic Review
Relevant Recommendations or Observations from the UN Universal Periodic Review
Recommendation Issued
No
Year Issued
2010
Sources
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review San Marino, A/HRC/14/9, 15 March 2010, https://www.upr-info.org/sites/default/files/document/san_marino/session_7_-_february_2010/ahrc149sanmarino.pdf
Recommendation Issued
No
Year Issued
2014
Sources
Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review San Marino, A/HRC/28/9, 24 December 2014, https://www.upr-info.org/sites/default/files/document/san_marino/session_20_-_october_2014/a_hrc_28_9_e.pdf
Recommendation Issued
Yes
Year Issued
2020
Sources
Human Rights Council," Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: San Marino," A/HRC/43/9, 3 January 2020, https://uhri.ohchr.org/Document/File/3ecd67e3-0171-4718-80b9-8f59b9c1a3b7/9DAD99D4-A1EA-40E5-9AB2-1753AD5AD269
REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS MECHANISMS
Regional Legal Instruments
Year of Ratification (Treaty) / Transposed (Directive) / Adoption (Regulation)
Observation Date
CPCSE, Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse2010
2010
2017
ECPT, European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment1990
1990
2017
ECHRP7, Protocol 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights (amended by protocol 11)1989
1989
2017
ECHRP1, Protocol 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights (amended by protocol 11)1989
1989
2017
Relevant Recommendations or Observations of Regional Human Rights Mechanisms
Regional Mechanism
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT)
Recommendation Year
2013
Recommendation Excerpt
37. Le Comité souhaite recevoir les informations pertinentes, notamment les dispositions
légales applicables, concernant la remise des migrants irréguliers aux autorités de police
italiennes. De plus, il souhaite recevoir la confirmation que les garanties reconnues par la
Délibération gouvernementale du 15 janvier 2013 sont applicables à toutes les personnes
appréhendées pour identification, y compris les migrants en situation irrégulière.
38. Le CPT recommande, qu’à l’avenir, la prison ne serve plus pour ce type d’hébergement
39. le CPT recommande aux autorités de Saint-Marin de veiller à ce que
les migrants aient accès sans difficulté à une procédure qui garantisse une évaluation
individuelle du risque de mauvais traitements en cas d'expulsion de la personne concernée
vers le pays d'origine ou vers un pays tiers.
légales applicables, concernant la remise des migrants irréguliers aux autorités de police
italiennes. De plus, il souhaite recevoir la confirmation que les garanties reconnues par la
Délibération gouvernementale du 15 janvier 2013 sont applicables à toutes les personnes
appréhendées pour identification, y compris les migrants en situation irrégulière.
38. Le CPT recommande, qu’à l’avenir, la prison ne serve plus pour ce type d’hébergement
39. le CPT recommande aux autorités de Saint-Marin de veiller à ce que
les migrants aient accès sans difficulté à une procédure qui garantisse une évaluation
individuelle du risque de mauvais traitements en cas d'expulsion de la personne concernée
vers le pays d'origine ou vers un pays tiers.
Sources
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture, "Rapport au Gouvernement de Saint-Marin relatif à la visite effectuée à Saint-Marin par le Comité européen pour la prévention de la torture et des peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants (CPT)", 01 February 2013, https://rm.coe.int/1680697c19
HEALTH CARE PROVISION
HEALTH IMPACTS
COVID-19
Country Updates
The microstate San Marino, located in a mountainous region close to Italy’s Adriatic coast and with a population of some 35,000, only slowly responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the International Organisation for Migration’s COVID-19 Travel Restriction Monitoring, San Marino did not implement travel restrictions until late 2020 and early 2021. As of 19 March 2021, entry into the country from areas outside of Italy and the Vatican City is subject to a negative PCR test or vaccine injection. Travels to and from orange and red zones in Italy are only allowed for work, health, and highly necessary reasons. There is also a night curfew and mask obligation in place.
The GDP has been unable to establish whether San Marino practices immigration-related detention. To date, the GDP has not identified any dedicated immigration removal facilities nor collected statistics related to immigration enforcement in the country. The country has not ratified the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, but allows for extraordinary residence permits to be given for humanitarian protection needs, and to victims of violence and/or trafficking.
In January 2020, the country only had two people in prison. Most people convicted of crimes in the state and sentenced to prison terms serve their sentences in Italian prisons. The country released its two inmates by 15 April 2020, however this was reportedly not a preventative measure related to COVID-19.
Government Agencies
Ministry of foreign affairs - https://www.esteri.sm/
Immigration - https://www.vallemarecchia.it/unione/enti-esterni/centro-ascolto-immigrati
International Organisations
UNHCR - https://www.unhcr.org/
IOM - https://portugal.iom.int/regions/europe-and-central-asia/san-marino
NGO & Research Institutions
Caritas - https://www.caritas.it/iandu_inmap/caritas-di-san-marino-montefeltro/
Amnesty Inter - https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/europe-and-central-asia/western-central-and-south-eastern-europe/san-marino/
Human Rights Watch - https://www.hrw.org/europe/central-asia/san-marino
