Myanmar

International Migrants

76,446

2020

Population

54,600,000

2023

International Migrants as % of Population

0.14%

2020

Overview

Types of facilities used for migration-related detention
Administrative Ad Hoc Criminal Unknown

29 September 2020 – Myanmar

There have been some 7,500 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 147 deaths in Myanmar. After weeks without any local transmissions, Myanmar reported an outbreak in the western Rakhine state in mid-August that has since spread across the country. As of September 21, 45,000 people had been quarantined in the country’s attempts to contain the virus. […]

Read More…

Reuters, “Myanmar’s ‘Maximum Containment’ COVID-19 Plan Pushed to Brink as Virus Surges,” Channel News Asia, 24 September 2020, https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/covid-19-myanmar-maximum-containment-plan-pushed-brink-13141922
Last updated:

DETENTION STATISTICS

Total Migration Detainees: Flow + Stock (year)
Not Available
2019

DETAINEE DATA

Total Number of Children Placed in Immigration Detention (Year)
0
2017

DETENTION CAPACITY

ALTERNATIVES TO DETENTION

ADDITIONAL ENFORCEMENT DATA

PRISON DATA

Criminal Prison Population (Year)
70,000
2017
65,000
2012
66,000
2011
65,063
2007
60,000
2004
31,648
2001
53,195
1993
Percentage of Foreign Prisoners (Year)
0.8
2009
Prison Population Rate (per 100,000 of National Population)
128
2017
123
2012
126
2011
128
2007
120
2004
64
2001
120
1993

POPULATION DATA

Population (Year)
54,600,000
2023
54,400,000
2020
53,897,000
2015
International Migrants (Year)
76,446
2020
75,998
2019
73,300
2015
International Migrants as Percentage of Population (Year)
0.14
2020
0.1
2015
Refugees (Year)
0
2022
0
2016
Asylum Applications (Year)
0
2022
Stateless Persons (Year)
630,000
2022
495,939
2018
925,939
2016
1,090,000
2015

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA & POLLS

Gross Domestic Product per Capita (in USD)
1,203
2014
Remittances to the Country
232
2014
Unemployment Rate
2014
Net Official Development Assistance (ODA) (in Millions USD)
1,380.1
2014
Human Development Index Ranking (UNDP)
148 (Low)
2015

MIGRATION-RELATED DETENTION

GOVERNANCE SYSTEM

Legal Tradition(s)
Customary law
2017
Common law
2017

LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

GROUNDS FOR MIGRATION-RELATED DETENTION

LENGTH OF MIGRATION-RELATED DETENTION

MIGRATION-RELATED DETENTION INSTITUTIONS

PROCEDURAL STANDARDS & SAFEGUARDS

DETENTION MONITORS

> National human rights monitoring bodies

> National Preventive Mechanisms (Optional Protocol to UN Convetion against Torture)

> Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

> Governmental monitoring bodies

> International detention monitoring

TRANSPARENCY

READMISSION/RETURN/EXTRADITION AGREEMENTS

COVID-19

HEALTH CARE

COVID-19 DATA

INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

International Treaties Ratified
Ratification Year
Observation Date
ICESCR, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
2017
2018
CRPD, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
2011
2011
CTOCSP, Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
2004
2004
CTOCTP, Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children
2004
2004
VCCR, Vienna Convention on Consular Relations
1997
1997
CEDAW, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
1997
1997
CRC, Convention on the Rights of the Child
1991
1991
Ratio of relevant international treaties ratified
Ratio: 7/19
Ratio of Complaints Procedures Accepted
Observation Date
0/3
2017
Relevant Recommendations Issued by Treaty Bodies
Recommendation Year
Observation Date
Committee on the Rights of the Child § 80. "The Committee strongly recommends that the State party: (a) Take the necessary measures to eliminate human rights violations against migrant boys and girls; (b) Implement comprehensive measures to address the root causes of migration , which include armed conflict, discrimination and deprivation of economic, social and cultural rights; and (c) Allow Rohingya people, including children, who fled Myanmar to return to the country, and assist them in their reintegration... 92. In the light of article 34 and other related articles of the Convention, the Committee recommends that the State party: (a) Strengthen its efforts to combat international and internal child trafficking, including by establishing more rigorous border control; (b) Increase awareness - raising, in particular among children and young people, on the risks associated with trafficking and migration; (c) Address the root causes of trafficking; (d) Ensure that adequate measures are taken to hold perpetrators of child sale, trafficking and abduction accountable for their offences; (e) Strengthen its efforts to ensure physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of children victims of exploitation and trafficking; and (f) Continue to seek assistance from, among others, UNICEF." 2012
2012
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women § 50. The State party: (a) Ensure the voluntary return in safety and dignity of Rohingya women and girls and facilitate gender-inclusive consultations in refugee camps to ensure the full participation of women and girls in the repatriation process; (b) Facilitate the repatriation process by not imposing a discriminatory citizenship verification process on refugee Rohingya women and their families and accept a variety of realistic forms of evidence of residence in Myanmar, including sworn statements; (c) Ensure that refugee and displaced Rohingya women and girls are not forced into segregated camps, which could result in the forcible internment of the Rohingya population in the longer term, and that they may freely choose where they are resettled, ensuring that special efforts are made to ensure the full participation of returned Rohingya women and their families in the planning and management of resettlement programmes. 2019
2019

NON-TREATY-BASED INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS MECHANISMS

Relevant Recommendations from the UN Universal Periodic Review
Observation Date
No 2015
2017
No 2011
2017

REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS MECHANISMS

Regional Legal Instruments
Year of Ratification (Treaty) / Transposed (Directive) / Adoption (Regulation)
Observation Date
ASEAN CATPWC Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children 2017
2017
2017

DETENTION COSTS

OUTSOURCING

FOREIGN SOURCES OF FUNDING FOR DETENTION OPERATIONS