Official Documents

Migration-Related Detention and International Law

Official Documents

• Human Rights Council (Commission on Human Rights)
• General Comments by United Nations Treaty Bodies
• Views and Decisions by United Nations Treaty Bodies
• Observations and Recommendations by United Nations Treaty Bodies
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
• Judgements by the European Court of Human Rights
• European Union Directives
• Judgements and Advisory Opinions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
• Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
• Decisions of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
• Documents by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

Human Rights Council (Commission on Human Rights)

• Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment. 1988. UN General Assembly. Adopted by General Assembly resolution 43/173. 9 December 1988. http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp36.htm (accessed 21 October 2008).
• Declaration on the Human Rights of Individuals Who are not Nationals of the Country in which They Live (DHRINNC). 1985. UN General Assembly. Adopted by General Assembly resolution 40/144 of 13 December 1985. http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/o_nonnat.htm (accessed 21 October 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants. Web site. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/migration/rapporteur/ (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants Ms. Gabriela Rodríguez Pizarro. 2002. Specific Groups and Individuals: Migrant Workers. Report of the Special Rapporteur, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. E/CN.4/2003/85, 30 December 2002. www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/3ff50c339f54a354c1256cde004bfbd8/$FILE/G0216255.doc (accessed March 14, 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants Ms. Gabriela Rodríguez Pizarro. 2004. Report on Visit to Italy . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. E/CN.4/2005/85/Add.3.15 November 2004. daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G04/170/50/PDF/G0417050.pdf (accessed April 16, 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants Jorge Bustamante. 2008a. Promotion and Protection of all Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/HRC/7/12. 25 February 2008. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/special/sp_reportshrc_7th.htm (accessed 2 October 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants Jorge Bustamante. 2008b. Promotion and Protection of all Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Including the Right to Development: Mission to the United States of America . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/HRC/7/12/Add.2. 5 March 2008. http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G08/112/81/PDF/G0811281.pdf?OpenElement (accessed 2 October 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. Web site. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights . http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/children/rapporteur/index.htm (accessed 24 September 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography Juan Miguel Petit. 2003. Rights of the Child: Mission to France , 25-29 November 2002. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. E/CN.4/2004/9/Add.1, 14 October 2003. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/children/rapporteur/visits.htm (accessed 1 October 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography Juan Miguel Petit. 2008. Report on Visit to Mexico (May 2007). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/HRC/7/8/Add.2, 28 January 2008 . http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/children/rapporteur/visits.htm (accessed 1 October 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Web site. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights . www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/torture/rapporteur/ (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on Torture, Report of the Special Rapporteur Theo van Boven. 2003. Civil and Political Rights, Including the Questions of Torture and Detention: Report on Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. E/CN.4/2004/56, 23 December 2003. daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G03/173/27/PDF/G0317327.pdf (accessed on 2 May 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on Torture. 1985. Commission Resolution 1985/33. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/E/CHR/resolutions/E_CN.4_RES_1985_33.pdf (accessed 22 October 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. Web site. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights . www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/trafficking/index.htm (accessed 15 April 2008)
• Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children Sigma Huda. 2006. Integration of the Human Rights of Women and a Gender Perspective: Report on the Mission to Lebanon 7 to 16 February 2005. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. E/CN.4/2006/62/Add.3. 20 February 2006. daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G06/109/71/PDF/G0610971.pdf (accessed April 15, 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes and Consequences. Web site. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights . http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/women/rapporteur/ (accessed 24 September 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes and Consequences Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy . Integration of the Human Rights of Women and the Gender Perspective: Violence Against Women. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. E/CN.4/2000/68. 29 February 2000. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/women/rapporteur/annual.htm (accessed 30 September 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes and Consequences Yakin Ertürk. 2007. Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006 Entitled “Human Rights Council”: Mission to the Netherlands . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/HRC/4/34/Add.4, 7 February 2007. daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G07/106/89/PDF/G0710689.pdf (accessed 30 September 2008).
• UN Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty . 1990. UN General Assembly, Adopted by General Assembly resolution 45/113of 14 December 1990, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp37.htm (accessed 21 October 2008).
• Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. Web site. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights . www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/detention/index.htm (accessed 7 October 2008).
• Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. 1991. Resolution 1991/42. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Cited in Yearbook of the United Nations 1991 , page 554. http://books.google.ch/books?id=BTdmYFgvyi0C&pg=PA615&lpg=PA615&dq=E/CN.4/1991/42&source=bl&ots=hqWsDJVz6T&sig=-QTcPOLtMngnfgIiCXju43DnR8A&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA553,M1 (accessed 11 November 2008).
• Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. 1998. Civil and Political Rights, Including Questions of Torture and Detention: Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. E/CN.4/1999/63. 18 December 1998. http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G98/052/52/PDF/G9805252.pdf?OpenElement (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. 1999. Civil and Political Rights, Including Questions of: Torture and Detention: Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention: Annex II UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. E/CN.4/2000/4, Annex II. 28 December 1999. http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/mainec.aspx (accessed 16 April 2008).
• Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. 2008. Promotion and Protection of all Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural rights, Including the Right to Development: Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. A/HRC/7/4. 10 January 2008. http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G08/100/91/PDF/G0810091.pdf?OpenElement (accessed 16 April 2008).

General Comments by United Nations Treaty Bodies

• Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD). 2004. General Recommendation No.30: Discrimination Against Non Citizens (General Comments) . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 1 October 2004. www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/e3980a673769e229c1256f8d0057cd3d (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). 2005a. General Comment N° 6, The Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside their Country of Origin. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CRC/GC/2005/6. 1 September 2005. www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/comments.htm (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Human Rights Committee. 1999. General Comment No. 27: Freedom of movement (Art.12). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.9,. 21 November 1999. www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/comments.htm (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Human Rights Committee. 1982. CCPR General Comment No. 08: Right to liberty and security of persons (Art. 9). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 30 June 1982. www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/comments.htm (accessed 15 April 2008).

Views and Decisions by United Nations Treaty Bodies

• A. v. Australia . 1997. Human Rights Committee. Communication No. 560/1993, Views of 3 April 1997. http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (accessed 2 October 2008).
• Bakhtiyari v. Australia . 2003. Human Rights Committee. Communication No.1069/2002, Views of 29 October 2003. http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (access 2 October 2008).
• C v Australia . 2002. Human Rights Committee. Communication No. 900/1999, Views of 28 October 2002. http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (access 2 October 2008).
• Celepli v. Sweden . 1994. Human Rights Committee. Communication No. 456/1991, Views of 18 July 1994. http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (access 2 October 2008).
• Shafiq v Australia . 2006. Human Rights Committee. Communication 1324/2004, Views of 31October 2006. http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (access 2 October 2008).
• Shams and others v Australia . 2007. Human Rights Committee. Communication No. 1255, 1256, 1259, 1260, 1266, 1268, 1270,1288/2004, Views of 20 July 2007. http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (access 2 October 2008).

Observations and Recommendations by United Nations Treaty Bodies

• Committee Against Torture. 2006. Concluding Observations: France . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CAT/C/FRA/CO/3. 3 April 2006. tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Committee Against Torture. 2007a. Concluding Observations: Japan . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CAT/C/JPN/CO/1, 3 August 2007. tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Committee Against Torture. 2007b. Concluding Observations: Ukraine . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CAT/C/UKR/CO/5. 3 August 2007. tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Committee on Migrant Workers. 2006. Concluding Observations: Mexico . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CMW/C/MEX/CO/1. 20 December 2006. tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women. 2006. Concluding Comments: Malaysia . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CEDAW/C/MYS/CO/2. 31 May 2006. tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (accessed April 15, 2008).
• Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). 2005a. General Comment N° 6, The Treatment of Unaccompanied and Separated Children Outside their Country of Origin . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CRC/GC/2005/6. 1 September 2005. www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/comments.htm (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). 2005b. Concluding Observations: Australia . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CRC/C/15/Add.268. 20 October 2005. tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). 2007. Concluding Observations on the Report Submitted under the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (OPSC): France . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CRC/C/OPSC/FRA/CO/1. 15 October 2007. tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Human Rights Committee.1998. Concluding Observations: Japan . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CCPR/C/79/Add.102. 19 November 1998. tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Human Rights Committee. 2006. Concluding Observations: Italy . UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. CCPR/C/ITA/CO/5. 24 April 2006. tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx (accessed 15 April 2008).

United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees

• UN High Commissioner for Refugees Executive Committee. 1986. Detention of Refugees and Asylum Seekers. UN High Commissioner for Refugees. Conclusion No. 44 (XXXVII) – 1986. http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/excom/opendoc.htm?tbl=EXCOM&page=home&id=3ae68c43c0 (accessed 2 October 2008).
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). 1994. The Principle of Non-Refoulement as a Norm of Customary International Law. Response to the Questions Posed to UNHCR by the Federal Constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany in Cases 2 BvR 1938/93, 2 BvR 1953/93, 2 BvR 1954/93. UNHCR Refugee Policy and Practice. January 31, 1994. http://www.unhcr.org/publ/RSDLEGAL/437b6db64.html . (accessed 15 April 2008).
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). 1999. Revised Guidelines on Applicable Criteria and Standards Relating to the Detention of Asylum Seekers. UNHCR. February 1999. www.unhcr.org.au/pdfs/detentionguidelines.pdf (accessed April 15, 2008).

Judgments by the European Court of Human Rights

• Amuur v France . 1996. European Court of Human Rights. Judgment of 25 June 1996. Reports 1996-III. cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/search.asp (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Benjamin and Wilson v United Kingdom . 2002. European Court of Human Rights., judgment of 26 September 2002. cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/search.asp (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Chahal v. the United Kingdom . 1996. European Court of Human Rights. Judgment of 15 November 1996. Reports 1996-V. cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/search.asp (accessed 15 April 2008).
• De Wilde, Ooms and Versyp v. Belgium . 1971. European Court of Human Rights. Judgment of 18 June 1971. Series A no. 12. cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/search.asp (accessed 15 April 2008).
• European Court of Human Rights . www.echr.coe.int/echr/ (accessed 11 April 2008).
• Singh v. the United Kingdom . 1996. European Court of Human Rights. Judgment of 21 February 1996. Reports 1996-I. cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/search.asp (accessed April 15, 2008).
• Saadi v the United Kingdom . 2008. European Court of Human Rights. Judgment of 29 January 2008. cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/search.asp accessed 15 April 2008).
• European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) . Web site. www.cpt.coe.int/en/about.htm (accessed 1 April 2008).
• European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT). 2002. CPT Standards. European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. CPT/Inf/E (2002) 1 – Rev. 2006. www.cpt.coe.int/en/docsstandards.htm (accessed 1 April 2008).

European Union Directives

• European Union Council. 2003. Directive on Minimum Standards for the Reception of Asylum Seekers: Directive 2003/9/EC of 27 January 2003. Official Journal of the European Union , 6 February 2003. http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/frattini/archive/DIR_2003_9_EC.pdf (accessed 24 October 2008).
• European Union Council. 2005. Directive on Minimum Standards on Procedures in Member States for granting and Withdrawing Refugee Status: Directive 2005/85/EC of 1 December 2005. Official Journal of the European Union , 13 December 2005, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2005:326:0013:0034:EN:PDF (accessed 24 October 2008).
• European Union Council. 2008. Position of the European Parliament adopted at first reading on 18 June with a view to the adoption of Directive 2008/…/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals. European Parliament. EP-PE_TC1-COD(2005)0167. 18 June 2008. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&language=EN&reference=P6-TA-2008-0293 (accessed 11 November 2008).

Judgments and Advisory Opinions of the Inter-American Court of Human Right

• Inter-American Court of Human Rights. 1999. Advisory Opinion OC-16/99, the Right to Information on Consular Assistance in the Framework of the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law. Series A No. 16. October 1, 1999. www.corteidh.or.cr/opiniones.cfm (accessed 15 April 2008).
• Inter-American Court of Human Rights. 2003. Advisory Opinion OC-18 Juridical Condition and Rights of the Undocumented Migrants . Series A No. 18. September 17, 2003. www.corteidh.or.cr/opiniones.cfm (accessed 15 April 2008).

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights

• Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Web site. www.cidh.org (accessed 11 April 2008).
• Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. 2008. Special Rapporteurship on Migrant Workers and their Families. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. http://www.cidh.org/Migrantes/defaultmigrants.htm . (accessed 2 October 2008).
• Principios y Buenas Prácticas sobre la Protección de las Personas Privadas de Libertad en las Américas . 2008. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Resolución 1/08, CIDH-OEA, 2008. Accessed at Association for the Prevention of Torture. www.apt.ch/region/americas/CIDH_Principios.pdf (accessed 10 April 2008).

Decisions of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights

• Haitian Boat People ( United States of America ) . 1997. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Merits Report N° 51/96, Case 10.675. March 13, 1997. http://www.cidh.org/annualrep/96eng/USA10675.htm (accessed 2 October 2008).
• Rafael Ferrer-Mazorra and other. v the United States of America . 2001. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Admissibility and Merits Report Nº51/01, Case 9903. 4 April 2001. www.cidh.oas.org/annualrep/2000eng/ChapterIII/Merits/USA9903.htm (accessed 15 April 2008).

Documents by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

• African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. www.achpr.org (accessed 11 April 2008).
• Special Rapporteur on Prisons and Conditions of Detention in Africa . 2004. Report on the Mission to the Republic of South Africa . African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. June 2004. www.achpr.org/english/Mission_reports/Special%20Rap_Prisons_South%20Africa.pdf (accessed 10 April 2008).
• African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. 1991-2007. Final Communiqués and other Documentation of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Sessions 1991-2007). University of Minnesota Human Rights Library. www1.umn.edu/humanrts/africa/communiques.html (accessed 14 April 2008).