In February 2017, the European Commission (EC) adopted a specific Recommendation to guide EU states in the interpretation of the Returns Directive, stressing that detention can be essential in enhancing the effectiveness of the return system. However, despite its administrative label, pre-removal detention as interpreted by the EC contains punitive elements. GDP Researcher Izabella Majcher […]
Other publications
May 2026
Detention BlogDemocratic Republic of Congo: US Third-Country Deportations Amidst a Human Rights Crisis
Apr 2026
Submissions & RecommendationsGhana: Joint Submission to the UN Committee on Migrant Workers
Apr 2026
Submissions & RecommendationsGuatemala: Joint Submission to the UN Committee on Migrant Workers
Apr 2026
Submissions & RecommendationsTrinidad and Tobago: Joint Submission to the Universal Periodic Review
